@article{oai:ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp:00095228,
 author = {Ning, Li and Yuki, Kinebuchi and Hiromasa, Shimada and Tatsuo, Nakajima and Ning, Li and Yuki, Kinebuchi and Hiromasa, Shimada and Tatsuo, Nakajima},
 issue = {9},
 journal = {情報処理学会論文誌},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Some recent researches have shown that using a monitoring service outside the target system above hypervisors is an efficient way to protect the target system. The hypervisors isolate the monitoring service based on MMU-methods to improve security. However, The MMU-method may cause heavy overhead when there is no hardware support, which makes this method not viable for embedded processors that are rarely equipped with hardware virtualization extensions. In addition, the vulnerabilities that exist in hypervisors may compromise the isolation. In this paper, we propose a secure OS architecture that fits embedded systems without the dependency of a hypervisor. It provides a robust isolation between the monitoring service and the guest OS based on local memory, a hardware feature. In order to generalize this architecture, we adopt a secure pager to extend the local memory space (physically small) virtually by a swap mechanism with integrity checking of the monitoring service. The secure pager can also update the monitoring service to extend monitoring functions without disturbing the running of the guest OS. Comprehensive evaluations are made in our framework with one instance of embedded Linux as the guest OS and an isolated monitoring service running with the secure pager. The results demonstrate functions of the secure pager and influence of the secure pager on Linux in our system. On processors with a proper architecture, we can build an extensible secure OS architecture with reasonable resource consumption, without the issue of heavy overhead to the guest OS.

------------------------------
This is a preprint of an article intended for publication Journal of
Information Processing(JIP). This preprint should not be cited. This
article should be cited as: Journal of Information Processing Vol.21(2013) No.4 (online)
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.21.650
------------------------------, Some recent researches have shown that using a monitoring service outside the target system above hypervisors is an efficient way to protect the target system. The hypervisors isolate the monitoring service based on MMU-methods to improve security. However, The MMU-method may cause heavy overhead when there is no hardware support, which makes this method not viable for embedded processors that are rarely equipped with hardware virtualization extensions. In addition, the vulnerabilities that exist in hypervisors may compromise the isolation. In this paper, we propose a secure OS architecture that fits embedded systems without the dependency of a hypervisor. It provides a robust isolation between the monitoring service and the guest OS based on local memory, a hardware feature. In order to generalize this architecture, we adopt a secure pager to extend the local memory space (physically small) virtually by a swap mechanism with integrity checking of the monitoring service. The secure pager can also update the monitoring service to extend monitoring functions without disturbing the running of the guest OS. Comprehensive evaluations are made in our framework with one instance of embedded Linux as the guest OS and an isolated monitoring service running with the secure pager. The results demonstrate functions of the secure pager and influence of the secure pager on Linux in our system. On processors with a proper architecture, we can build an extensible secure OS architecture with reasonable resource consumption, without the issue of heavy overhead to the guest OS.

------------------------------
This is a preprint of an article intended for publication Journal of
Information Processing(JIP). This preprint should not be cited. This
article should be cited as: Journal of Information Processing Vol.21(2013) No.4 (online)
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.21.650
------------------------------},
 title = {An Extensible Secure OS Architecture for Embedded Systems},
 volume = {54},
 year = {2013}
}