@techreport{oai:ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp:00231052,
 author = {Kuan, Yi Ng and Takeshi, Nanri and Teruo, Tanimoto and Satoshi, Kawakami and Koji, Inoue and Kuan, Yi Ng and Takeshi, Nanri and Teruo, Tanimoto and Satoshi, Kawakami and Koji, Inoue},
 issue = {13},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Addressing the environmental impact of computing, this study reevaluates the carbon footprint of hardware upgrades in light of evolving computational demands and the number of hardware components, which are elements that are not considered yet. Our findings suggest that annual CPU upgrades can significantly reduce carbon footprints―by 51.9% to 72.7%―and enhance carbon efficiency by 2.90×, given a steady improvement in power efficiency of ×1.226 in new CPUs. However, we also identify cases where yearly CPU upgrades are not optimum even with improvement in power efficiency when there is a large number of hardware components involved during hardware upgrades., Addressing the environmental impact of computing, this study reevaluates the carbon footprint of hardware upgrades in light of evolving computational demands and the number of hardware components, which are elements that are not considered yet. Our findings suggest that annual CPU upgrades can significantly reduce carbon footprints―by 51.9% to 72.7%―and enhance carbon efficiency by 2.90×, given a steady improvement in power efficiency of ×1.226 in new CPUs. However, we also identify cases where yearly CPU upgrades are not optimum even with improvement in power efficiency when there is a large number of hardware components involved during hardware upgrades.},
 title = {Analyzing Carbon Footprint Implications of Hardware Replacement: Preliminary Evaluation Targeting CPUs in Supercomputer Systems},
 year = {2023}
}